Never Logged Out - Ria Chopra

The byline says 'How the Internet Created Gen Z'. Ria is Gen Z (those born after 1996-7, she was born in 1999) and she writes about how her life and the lives of her generation has been impacted by the internet. It was quite revealing to me because I am not so much online as the Gen Zs and can identify it to the extent that my daughter A is Gen Z too. For the first time I got a proper peek into the life of Gen Z kids which include A who otherwise seem to be leading double lives, online lives which they definitely cannot share with us. So thanks Ria upfront for getting us oldies a peek into that mysterious life. Apparently those born after 2012 are called Gen Alpha.

Ria is a product of Lady Sriram College, a big online influencer A says (she's A's hero currently), is a youth advisor to Google and does a lot of work related to the internet. The book comes at a time when we are struggling for answers related to GenZ. It does answer quite a few and it should be made compulsory reading for all parents with Gen Z and Gen Alpha kids..

India got internet on August 15, 1995 (I was there... Though we had no clue about what it was). In the early days vsnl used to offer these services. It was quite hilarious because we could hardly connect and it kept going round and round in what was called buffering. The internet made us move from physical letters (I still have not moved fully) to email (hotmail), which I moved to very reluctantly. Then some websites came up like rediff.com which also offered email and a lot of useless news but we got our mail ids on rediff since it was free. Those days we also had this site called Sulekha.com where we could write and get published and it was such a leveller.  Then came cybercafes which were much better but they had their own stories - (mostly love stories). Finally high speed internet. All that was what they call Web 1.0 I gather (1999-00). Web2.0 is a different beast with an active social media developed to hook you and pull you in and fully manipulates you if you aren't aware and can mess with you. I am not very equipped to deal with this beast so I have kept myself largely out of that space except blogging which is today's equivalent to letter writing. 

Back to Ria. Web 2.0 had some defining parameters set at a conference that was held in 2005 or so if I remember right - that platforms improve user participation, apps could be used for service and a shift from individual to the collective. It's a rather grim statement she makes when she says Gen Z logged in but never logged out (reminds me of Hotel California)! 

There's a line in the book that says - 'in the beginning the internet appeared good.. It was a tool we used, not a force that used us'. She cites the 'Robbers Cave' experiment to relate to behaviours on social media - each social media version having its own behaviour, it own unwritten rules, and how many get very gang like behaviors on the net. She makes a case for Gen Z when people ask what's wrong with them - they grew up with it - and it has given them ways to connect - but then also made them performative. The challenge Ria says is to reclaim agency. Reclaim choice, like in the early days. 

The second essay is about love in the times of Web 2.0 and is aptly titled 'It's Complicated' - something people put on their statuses a while ago on facebook. I could never understand why a personal matter like falling in love would be advertised to the world but that seemed to be the norm then. What I did not know are some of the Gen Z secrets that Ria revealed. Apparently the net trended with 'orange peel test' (give an orange to you partner or boyfriend and check out if he will peel it or he will escape it - if he does not peel, red flag), 'Bird theory' (show an insignificant thing on the road like a bird and check whether he is interested in it and thereby in you and if he does not, red flag) and 'road test' (whether he is walking on the danger side of the road or is ready to push you off under the next bus which you so deserve, in which case red flag). Most girls seems to have tried out these tests on various unsuspecting boyfriends with results that might have caused all sorts of relation trouble (hey, you failed the peel test, you failed this and so on). With so many red flags going up its like a soccer match with a trigger happy referee! No wonder she quotes someone who says love is consensual hallucination (but then all of life is I feel). Ria says that in cyberspace it definitely is.

Growing up with fandoms of Potter, Hungry Games etc Gen Z began advertising their relationship status by posting a mysterious hand on Insta, adding someone's initial to your Insta bio, changing dp's on Whatsapp, checking couple goals, reels made by couples etc - which certainly makes things more complicated for a young person who is constantly on social media, which is where everyone of her peer group is. So we have labels like situationships, lists (the 3 red flags to watch out for), words like breadcrumbing, benching, catfishing, fleabagging, zumping, pop quizzes which sort partners into labels like golden retriever bf, soft boy bf, performative male, black cat gf, rodent man, Insta husband, stay at home gf, offline bf, sunshine partners - if you don't fit you are doomed. If you are labelled you are doomed. There are red flags, green flags and beige flags and you are constantly led by someone about how to love your partner or not. Romance, she says, is now content. 

Then we have dating apps aplenty - she speaks of Bumble and Hinge - and how the apps and users are at variance with each others goals - users want long term partners and love and the app wants them to stay on the app forever (though I am not sure what anyone wants in love). Ria talks about the obsession with ratings and how they can be some kind of a self feeding mechanism - I agree with her. Chuck ratings and go for what appeals to you. The internet she says will ask you want you think love is and if you do not know, it will tell you. One line again from where I am not sure but I liked it - to love someone long term is to attend a 1000 funerals of the people they used to be.

  

The next essay is titled 'What's in my bag'. Ria makes a case for the LL Bean bag and how it was originally used to carry ice in the World War time and how they have now transformed into fashion statements or tote bags which are pretty much the pishwis that our grandmas used. People flaunt their totes from different stores - Strand, Blossoms and so on. Anyway the Gen Z problem is not the bag but what's in it and every personality has put out stuff from the bag on Insta, YouTube or Tiktok - the content in her bag describes her personality as ENFP or INFP or Clean Girl or that girl or surfer girl and so on. Obviously everyone wants to have those bags and curate their bags accordingly to get famous! 

Ria says that these videos compress individuals into consumables. So you better carry one type of glasses, Birkenstock (shoes?) Taylor Swift merchandise, books etc. They call it the shoppable life. One study that is called Simulacra and something where all reality is replaced with symbols (hyper reality) until the connection with the utility is fully dissolved and only the symbol is left (Emperors New Clothes). Ria feels that another reason why GenZ buys so much is also because the stuff goes out of fashion soon or more so because they are not of the same good quality as before. Whichever way, people are using credit cards to buy these of things. She ends the chapter saying that when she thinks of the good times she had with her friends it was never about material stuff but a lot of personal stuff like a hug, a shared overnighter, a trip together etc. I agree.

'Eternal Sunshine' is the next topic and its basically about how the internet never lets you forget. Its her Manchester United moment she says - the internet brings up an old relationship where she followed the football club because her partner was crazy about it then but its been years since then but the internet does not forget, nor does it let her forget. The internet has changed memory she says. The ability to forget is crucial for survival for humans but the internet does not allow that (which Gen Z faces). It leads to the dangers of living in the past at the expense of the present. Ria talks of breakups now meaning deleting all the shared memories online form photos to Spotify lists, unsaving Zomato addresses, kicking people out of group chats. 

She says that memory is reconstructed every time it is recalled and when you see the exact words you have saved on a screenshot or an archive or a comment, the same old feelings come up even if it has been years since the incident. 'To archive something is to exercise power,' she quotes. 'The power to decide what will be remembered and how it will be remembered'. So it may be her friend who has broken up, Taylor Swift who uses her past relationships to writer her songs, her ManU moment etc.

Why would we document someone's failings she says - but isn't that what makes us feel better?)The internet loves that, pulling people down, making them feel superior to the other by being mean. On the net memory is actively archived, curated and even weaponised. Platforms remember - photos, comments, likes, story views, drafts saved, locations visited she says. Digital forgetting is easy for the rich and not so easy for the common man. GenZ which fed into this culture without knowing now has a price to pay for it. There is this thing about the right to be Forgotten -  a case fought by one Mario Gonzales against Google and won to remove content about him on the net. 

Ria talks of souls in Greek mythology, which before they enter afterlife, drink from Lethe, the river of forgetting. Forgetting is necessary for rest. But now people are sharing more and more personal stories to create personal brands due to lack of awareness. Her advise to young Gen Z or Gen Alpha kids - do not write about things that are traumatic for you or that you have not fully processed.

In the next essay titled 'Ask Me Anything' she starts with the story of Indrani Mukherjea and how she knew all about her because she followed her daughter Vidhie on a site called Ask.fm where people upload profiles and based on the profiles others asked you questions and you could answer them and get likes form random people interested in these conversations. I have never heard of this site but apparently it was big. Pooja Bedia's daughter Aalia F, Sakshi Chopra from Ramanand Sagar's home, Ahaan Panday, Alaania jaaferi are celebrity names you might recognise by the surname. But then young kids who feel they are connected to these celebrities, who feel they have an imaginary audience are in for a shock. They get deluded with these para social relationships. At one point Ria says she herself became a hater, a mean person because she found that the best way to deal with her own disappointment at not going the way it should. Clearly, Ria says, humanness is conveyed through face to face interactions. Its difficult to say something bad to people's faces. But on the net, with anonymous identities you can be as mean or as rude as you want to be and that encourages that sort of behavior to grow. Again, the power to be mean to someone makes you feel better. 

'15 seconds' of fame is about how the number of influencers is rising in India - from less than a million in 2020 to about 4 million in 2025 and each of them is putting a lot of effort and money and sometimes risk into it for the 15 minutes of fame. YouTube which started as a dating service saw that instead of dating people were posting random stuff about their lives on the site and they decided to just be that - a place where people could post videos. YouTube also decided to reward their content creators and shared revenue. Now with so much content, there is an attention deficit and we now live in what is called an attention economy. The dangers are that the brain will get fried as it does with our memories and phone numbers and stuff.

Now again, who gets to be famous has a definite trend , upper class and savarna classes who look down on poor content. Ria says she predicted that a day will come when influencers will kill themselves due to their relationship with the social media and sadly enough, it happened and caused another media circus.

'Post Knowledge' - Ria digs into Greek mythology and introduces us to Prometheus (Foresight), and his brother Epimetheus (Hindsight) who are given the task of populating the earth with people. However Prometheus likes humans a lot and starts helping them out causing much anger to Zeus who curses that humans shall have no fire and will live in dark and cold. Prometheus decides otherwise and steals a spark from the Mount of Olympia and gives it to humans which again pisses off Zeus who punishes Prometheus by tying him to a cliff where vultures come and eat his liver every day, and then he heals at night and then the vultures come the next day etc thereby calling such a position 'Prometheus Bound'. 

From that we move to 1868 when a young Melvil Dewey tries to save his burning library and later come sup with a decimal based system to organise human knowledge in a 44 page classification. Today 2 lakh libraries use that 1876 classification in 135 countries Then we move to the next person John Dewey who differentiated between 'thinking' and 'thinking well'. Thinking well allows us to peedict the future using knowledge in the present. Ria herself tried her hand at KBC and won 3.5 lakh before hitting a question she did not know the answer to - but she guessed right using her logical powers of reasoning. She is good at funda based questions and not so at knowing the right answers which relies more on memory..

I liked the part where she mentions Plato (and another chap) distrusting writing - saying that it would lead to the decay of memory as it will create forgetfulness. People will stop using their memories and will appear omniscient without knowing anything. They will be tiresome company he says. She cites an article in 2008 which is titled "Is Google making us Stupid" (yes). But then has the internet made us smarter, yes. The smartest person in he room they say now is the room. Collective intelligence. Knowledge today she says is about asking better questions. Ria also stuck her neck out and predicted a a few things among which one stayed with me - that people will get tired of dating apps and face to face will come back into fashion.

'In Coming of Age' or a frequently used word in her book 'bildungsroman' (a German word that means coming of age) she laments that Bollywood is not using or recognising the extent to which technology or internet has pervaded our lives and they hardly show it well. One reason is that the internet does not make for good drama and provides simplistic solutions if one doe snot understand the technology and the user and their relationship. She however cites a few movies which she says use the internet well - Kho Gayen Hum Kahan (seen), Logout on Zee5, LSD 2. She cites a web serial called Anupamaa as a poor way of showing Internet.

Anyway she ends the book saying that whatever it is, the experience of Genz has been that 'I was there. I saw what happened. This is how it made me feel' It mattered.'  And I am sure they will see many many versions and variants of the net and its applications and use it well. For someone so young Ria writes very well on a topic which is so vast, so nebulous, and brings a disarming honesty and vulnerability to it that you end up changing your mind about GenZ. Well researched with many references to Greek mythology or books or articles. I loved it and read it twice and made some notes before I attempted to write about it. And yes, A has been telling me about this book for a while, having gone to attend Ria's lecture at Miranda House and then getting a signed copy (and a coffee as well after if i remember right) and I listened in my half-attentive manner and woke up fully to what she was saying after I read the entire book.  Thank you Ria, for making a solid case for Gen Z...I think I understand A's life and its challenges a little better after reading the book. And here's wishing you many more books to come.

Goa Diaries - Long Walk to Ashwem

A heavy English breakfast calls for a long walk in the evening so I set out towards Ashwem beach. This time I chose not to listen to anything and just walk, take in the air and focus on myself and my thoughts and all the sights I could see. 

The beaches here are shallow they say, so the holiday crowd was out. 

Families with older parents, siblings, kids were one type, young couples with really small kids another, friends who have come with their partners, all boy gangs, all girl gangs - the social profile changes as we go closer to the more elite places. There are those who jump into the sea, those who simply sit on the beach, those who guard footwear, selfie wala, reel walas where the girls are dressed out for the shoot and have a whole sequence planned like jumping in the air or dancing or running or walking.

Then there are those like me just walking (just a few), quite a few walking dogs (there are so many of them here), kids playing football (they are so good), cricket (not good at all - I watched one guy swing at an off spin bowler and while walking past the short mid wicket told him that the batsman will get out caught in the deep and the very next ball he got out, I turned and could see the look of wonder in the fielders eyes like it was magic... These things we know by practice and I afforded a smile at having shared some magic).

Walk, walk, walk, a girl gang, urban, up market, in their bikinis drinking and smoking on the beach and getting ready for the evening, a bunch of young boys drinking beer with two old women of trade, massage girls who got one lonely lady and got into business, a bunch of kids who hit their cricket ball into the sea and the sea deciding to keep it, and even four elderly ladies swigging one large beer each and engaged in serious conversations. I counted five or six foreigners in all, all of them weather beaten and who looked like they have been here forever, one very fit Russian couple, some elderly ones. A playful couple throwing sand art one another. A lady was working with a team of photographers to create some shoot. I had to cross some boulders to get a look at what was perhaps Mandrem beach. 

Along the way I tried to remember the names of the shacks - Xaviers, Tomatos, The Last Shack, Blue Turtle, Farzi, Morjim Culture, Tikit, Leela, Amanos, Tan Sand...of course there were many more but these stuck. People gazing into the sea and making the most of an experience, perhaps some for the first time, people gearing up for the unknown adventures as they look to party, drink, hook up, an energy that's palpable, older couples rewarding their years of togetherness, families keeping their happiness in check lest something goes wrong, the shy girl walking into the water with her partner wearing her swimsuit, the young bride wearing something daring for her husband and fighting her value system inside.

 One wonders how many lives changed in Goa, how many memories lie around (I have a few). Hopes, dreams, aspirations, regrets, love, beginnings, endings, memories, expansion. You feel like gathering them all in one huge hug and saying, you'll be ok, don't worry. Just let go and have a good time.

On the way back i could see the lifeguards pulling people back from the water, warning them that high tide was coming in. I saw the owner of Artist Beach House and her husband walking the dog and thought they had not seen me but she did and waved and I waved back.

And that's what Goa will be to us - an unknown excitement of the forbidden, of freedom to be whatever one wants, of the chasm between wanting that freedom and never having the courage to let go of the life that secures us. And so, after a few days, we go back to our lives, having sampled the magic, even though vicariously. And that's when i feel like buying that T shirt that says 'I love Goa'.

Goa Diaries - Kayaking with Konkan Explorers

One of A's plans was to go kayaking. Now I would never go anywhere near water left to myself, not into it, but history beats witness that I once did white water rafting and now I found myself signing up against my normal mien, for kayaking. 

Anyway the Konkan Explorers are the official partners of Goa Tourism for these activities and our host highly recommended their cruise and kayaking so V signed up. We showed up at 8 at the designated place and waited for the earlier bunch to finish their bit. 

Primarily it's a cruise in the river which goes up to the mouth of the ocean, and those who want to go kayaking can do that. Obviously they pick good times when tides are low so they took us on the boat, a nice swanky one which had beer, soft drinks, snacks, fruit, tea, coffee and the works. Raghu, who took on the role of the speaker, was very affable, coming as he was from Bellary, Viraj, the captain, Yeshwant who was assisting them. 

We went to the mouth of the river, stopped at an island which they said would get submerged at high tide, a 10 feet difference i should think. They got us off the boat on to the island, showed a few birds, jelly fish (touch the top not the tentacles which sting). The kayaks were attached to the boat so we got on to them and off we went kayaking down the river, helped by Raghu and Yeshwanth. Raghu also took upon the job of taking pictures and videos and sharing them on a link later which i think was very thoughtful of him.

Overall quite an adventurous thing for me to do and one of those things i didn't plan to do ticked off thanks to A.

We polished off a nice English breakfast at Baba and Rhun which is fast becoming my favourite restaurant and headed back. Thanks A. And Raghu, Viraj and Yeshwanth for being very nice and helpful and really making it a nice experience for everyone.

The Goa Diaries - Chapora Fort

A has this instinct for motivating people like me to action. So an early morning walk to the beach with her transformed into an outing where she created some sand art while I headed left to explore the beach a little. 

Morning at Morjim beach

A little distance to the left I noticed some old shacks, not the posh variety, but some local ones. The beach quickly ended after about 20 minutes - I had passed foreign tourists or influencers recording their fitness routines right at the edge, some joggers, apart from regular swimmers. Across the river was Chapora fort which according to A, was to be seen later in the afternoon. 

Trawler

I headed back, and then we headed out to Blue Turtle, on the suggestion of niece, which turned out to be pretty good. Oh, by the way, I got the hang of these scooters by now. 

Climb to Chapora (Shahpoora once upon a time)

Post lunch was the ride to Chapora Fort which takes us 30 mts by scooter. Off we went, across the bridge over Chapora river, past the St Anthony's church, quaint old Goan buildings, until we reached Chapora fort. It was a bit of a climb so it was just me and A going up in the sun. 

 

Vagator beach

One vendor lady said it was some 120 steps and that put off many climbers. The main gate to the fort was under renovation and we walked in alongwith a whole bunch of people. The main attraction of the fort is the far wall, fully occupied by people, which is where Amir Khan, Saif Ali Khan and Akshay Khanna sat while shooting for 'Dil Chahta Hai'. 

Another view of the Dil Chahta Hai wall - up front

See the people on the Dil Chahta Hai wall

The wall - Morjim in the background

We walked along the wall, a really battered wall, small, along which hundreds were climbing up, at the danger of falling right off and into the glorious Vagator beach which we could see from up here. The restoration work was also working on some new age bastions. 

Having moved on from there we went near 'the wall' where every inch was taken up. From this wall one can see the Arabian Sea, to the right Morjim beach, to the left Vagator (and if you walk further South you go to Anjuna, Calangute, Baga, Candolim). 

Entrance to Chapora - after you have entered (exit)

Every single person on the wall did not want to get off perhaps hoping that someone from 'Dil Chahta Hai' would show up or that something would rub off on them. Anyway, we got tired of the place, the people, the heat and decided to head back. 

St Anthony's Church

Statue of Jesus opposite St Anthony's Church

On the way back i noticed something which looked interesting and took a pic. Further down the fort wall looked interesting but it was too hot. 

A temple

Another temple - they are bright

As I walked down I could see many more walking up in the hope of some magic. I personally found it to be a small, dilapidated fort, certainly with great views, which would be nice if there are some 10 people there, not 500.

A temple entrance

Down below, headed back after treating myself to coconut water, a new luxury I allowed myself. 

The Goa Diaries - Morjim

First time this far North thanks to niece V who comes here often. Goa itself happened in the midst of crazy heat and people telling me authentic information that Goa is hot (I really didn't expect it to be cool), thanks to A's single minded drive to do a small vacation before exams, internship and college all of which will keep her away from proximity. 

Danger sign - Rip Tide

We stayed in this cute little place called Artists Beach House, one of the partners being an artist and all his paintings are all over, a place known to niece. 

A cross on a fast eroding stone

It's 200 metres from the beach, is bnb and we have to Swiggy stuff. Has a pool by which side I read.

Breaking through the clouds

As is my usual practice i went off for a walk on day one and turned right. There are many lifeguards, boards warning of rip tides, people, whistle, jeeps etc.

Another view

 After a while the shacks appeared and all of them appeared to be hip and posh extensions of beach resorts.

Sunset at Morjim

 I turned the corner walked up and realised that if I continue walking I would end up in Ashwem, Mandrem, then Arambol, then onwards till we hit a river and then it's Maharashtra on the other side. Walked back, caught some colours of the sunset as it was cloudy. 

Old Willis Jeep for the Lifeguard

Catching up, dinner at the nice place 'Uma by the Sea' which is down the road. A has plans - Chapora fort (where Dil Chahta hai was shot), kayaking and one other thing called buzzball which is a potent cocktail. I liked the fort idea, not too keen kayaking and perhaps prefer beer to buzzball at the moment. But then, I'm the only one who doesn't have phone pe, who got on to email last, so I'm hardly an enthusiastic adapter to new ideas. 

Artist Beach house

It's nice to see this new, confident young A, making decisions, being bold, being exuberant, having mindless fun, enjoying her time with her cousin. Oh. Another thing she made us do was hire scooters. Well, playing along right now while she leads.

Morjim as I gather is on the North Shore of Chapora river (originally Shah Pura as it was under Adil Shah of Bijapurs territory but then became Chapora). It's an Olive Ridley turtles nesting place. Also known as Little Russia because many Russians live here. 

John Arlott's Book of Cricketers - John Arlott

 John Arlott, a highly respected BBC commentator and a producer at BBC, was a man of many talents. He was a detective sargeant in the police, an instructor at the BBC Staff training School, wrote poetry, on wine and cheese and of course on cricket. They were poets in how they wrote about the game and master technicians in their understanding of technique and human psyche. Vinod picked it up at Abids and I saw that it once belonged to Sri Ramakrishna Library - God knows where it was but I sent a silent prayer to the people who ran it. The book was first published in 1979.

Being a Hampshire man, Arlott was partial to those who played for Hampshire. But more than his choice of people I was keen to see how he would describe these personalities. Writers like Arlott could make even the ordinary look extra ordinary with their fine analysis and keen observation.

So when he describes Sir Jack Hobbs he says 'he rocks on his right foot and can play a pace bowler who can swing the ball with fast, casual adjustments'...'had profound technical understanding and tactical sense'...and believed that most errors of batsmen stem from playing back when they should have played front and vice versa..'. 

He describes Maurice Tate as someone who 'lived cricket'...and when he describes the medium pacer in action says ' nine yards...before the final leap, limbs gathered together in one unity, left arm pointing upward, right had at opposite pole, body edgewise to the batsman, weight back on the right foot, back curved so the batsman can see the head jutting out behind arm, right arm comes over, body turned, full flick of the wrist, plunged through, body bending in that earth tearing final stride, pulling away to the off...'. You cannot have a better description of the perfect out swing bowler. I also liked that Tate said that his best spell was when he got no wickets for 45 runs in 19 overs - my best spell was one such too when i had no wickets for 28 runs in 22 overs!

Of Philip Mead he said he was so talented that he would not practice for long stretches and at times would not be happy even after he got a hundred. George Burns was 'best when the battle was hottest' and 'cricket to him was a personal matter'. Lord Constantine, the son of a plantation foreman from Trinidad was a much decorated man and a great cricketer. A Rowan 'had guts and was a scholar of off spin". Leo Harrison, a wicket keeper of 'high technical ability to leave his movement until the ball has 'done' everything and still get it without hurry'...'his handling is clean'...'his driving is a triumph of timing and fluency, the speed of the stuck ball much greater than the swing of the stroke would promise'...'a perfectionist who cannot forgive any cricket played with  less than full effort'.

When writing about Ray Lindwall, the Aussie fast bowler, he says 'all wicket keepers and fast bowlers are mad'...and says Ray was a rare exception of a highly intelligent fast bowler. He would adjust to different conditions and pitches fast, kept himself injury free by doing some stretching exercises, was a model in preparation, ...  'relaxed between deliveries, to the extent of scuffling his feet'...'used his bumper for psychological effect'. Keith Miller another great Aussie was an 'uncomplicated Aussie all rounder'...'who was never interested in cheap runs and cheap wickets'.

Of Derek Shackleton, a fast bowler, he writes ...'high kneed run, arm almost brushes his ear'...perfect. Jim Laker was arguably the finest off spinner who 'could alter the width of spin from ball to ball, varied pace by changing his grip which was based on the tip of index finger placed across and not beside the seam'. How many coaches would know such detail? And ..'like all master of flight, he could impart a considerable amount of over spin and get a steep dip as a produce the illusion of a half volley to a good length ball'..and as a person...'took a wicket and turned away'.    

Of Roy Marshall the Barbadian he writes ''''could drive superbly, moving down the pitch, flowing through with the stroke, hands leading to a complete follow through.' Of Gary Sobers he wrote 'one of the most thrilling batsman to watch.' And that he loved gambling. Fred Trueman, known as the young bull, ...'gradually accelerated, swung around so completely that the batsman saw his left shoulder blade, coked trigger, left arm pointed high, head steady, eyes at batsman, the arm slashed down as the ball fired down the pitch, so near the stumps that he sometimes brushed the umpire.' There is Merwyn Burden who was an unlucky cricketer but with great humour.

Ray Illingworth was a thinking cricketer whose 'reading of a match and general tactical acumen was above ordinary'...'picked the best men for the job, not necessarily in terms of technical ability but also temperament and application'...'deployed the team in such fine balance that it achieved maximum efficiency'...'gained respect, loyalty and effort through the trust he placed in his players and his own professionalism and lifted their game'...'never prejudging the problem but working them out deeply and clearly'. Classic understanding of leadership. There's Peter Sainsbury known for his enthusiasm, David White, Basil D'Oliveria who was the first black South African to play for England and broke the bonds of apartheid.

Barry Richards he said 'would play himself with cold determinism'...'and strolls when others hustle'. Then there's Tony Lewis. Of Boycott he says 'single minded cricketer'..'dedication such that he was first in the dressing room with his kit all laid out and ready'..'plays himself in without anxiety'. Then there's Mike Brearley who is a scholar and writer and psychologist.

Of Andy Roberts he says 'trains hard, does not smoke or drink'...'observes batsman with the care of a slow bowler'...'employs varied methods'...'studied the mechanics of cricket'...'rare combination of fire, settled physique and mature mind'. Of Viv Richards he writes 'batting is a matter of strokes, more strokes and even more strokes'.      

Fabulous writing and superb understanding of technique and skill. In one part poetry, one part coaching manual and in one part understanding of the psyche of each player..fabulous. Where have all such men gone? Thanks Vinod bhai for yet another gem!

     

Vatsyanyana's Kamasutra - Translated by Sir Richard Burton and FF Arbuthnot

I have had this little book with me for a long time, over three decades if I remember right, and I remember flipping through it once before, but this time I thought I would really get a n understanding of it. The translators took great pains to study these texts - and there were several of these texts around the aspect of lovemaking. They begin by saying that the East considered a study of sex an essential part of man's education and culture. Now of course it is not that anymore because no one has any education of sex and culture and if all one has is a distorted twisted version of it.

The book itself is divided into 7 parts -
Introduction
Sexual Union
Acquisition of Wife
Wife
Wives of Other Men
Courtesans
Means of Attracting others to Yourself

The topics considered give a fair idea about how the thinking was those days (or how our thinking has changed or not changed over the years). The Kama Sutra means 'Aphorisms of Love' and it is to the credit of these two gentlemen who found Vatsyayana mentioned in other texts and researched his classic work on love. Other texts around the subject in India which seems to have a lot of literature in this area are 'Rathirahasya' or 'Koka Sastra' by Kokkoka, 'Panchasakya' by Jyotirishya, 'Light of Fire' by Pradipa, 'Ratimanjari' by Jayadeva, and Anunga Runga' by Kulliamul. In English they refer to two books which are 'Kalogynomia' which is about the Laws of Female Beauty by T Bell and 'Every Woman's Book' by Dr Waters. 

Vatsyayana seems to have lived between the 1st and the 6th century. The famous classification of women is in Koka Shastra which classifies women into four types - Padmini, Chitrini, Shankhini and Hastini.

According to the texts Lord Brahma created man and woman and in the form of 100000 chapters laid down rules with respect to Dharma, Artha and Kama. Men should study the Kama Sutra. Even young maids before marriage. After marriage they can study it with the consent of their husbands.

There are 64 arts to be studied by females - and they include singing, dancing, tailoring, making beds, magic or sorcery, culinary, mimicry, cock fighting, poetry, gymnastics, gambling and so on - pretty much all that a man may need without employing anyone at all! For amusement they can go to social gatherings, drinking parties, picnics, social discourses.

They list out women not to be engaged with - extremely white women, and black women, female friends, ascetics, and those turned out of caste. Any woman who has been engaged by 5 men is a fit and proper person to be engaged. However wives of a learned brahmin, a king, close relatives should not be engaged with. It is a bit apparent who might have written these texts!

The kinds of sexual unions are classified according to dimensions, force of desire or passion etc. They are named as Horse, Bull, Deer, Elephant Equal and Unequal and various combinations of the same. The acts themselves are names as Riding, Yawning and Congress of a Cow. Desire can be Small, Middling or Intense.

There is also four kinds of love - love acquired by continual habit, from imagination, from belief and from perception of external objects. 

There are 64 types of embraces - touching, piercing, rubbing, milk and water embrace, climbing of trees, mix of sesame seed in rice are some of those. Similarly types of kissing include nominal, throbbing, touching, straight bent turned, pressed, kiss of the upper lip, fighting of the tongue, kiss that kindles love, transferred kiss etc. There's also piercing or marking or scratching with nails as an act of love which includes circle, half moon, tiger's claw, jump of a hare, peacock's foot and such. In biting one has the range of a hidden bite, swollen bite, pout, coral and jewel, line of jewels and such.

Interestingly some of these masters have also researched on women of certain parts of the country and have given the general idea of what they like and dislike for eg. women of Avantika do not have good manners or women of Andhra who have tender bodies and are full of enjoyment and like voluptuous pleasures!

Far as positions go there is the high congress, low congress, equal congress, deer woman, position of the wife of Indra, clasping position, rising position, twining, mare's position, suspended congress, united congress, splitting of bamboo, congress of cow, blows of the bull. During congress one is allowed to strike with passion - shoulder, head, between breasts, back, back of hand, fingers, fist, open palm  etc (comes with a caution of some king who hit blows and the partner died - so be gentle and don't get carried away). Interestingly the sounds one can make are also listed - hin, thundering sound, cooing sound, weeping sound, phut, phat, sut, lat (I am not joking this is there)

There are those women who are acting the parts of the man during congress - friction, piercing, rolling, giving a blow, blow of a boar, of a bull, a sparrow etc. 

There's stuff about eunuchs - there are two kinds of eunuchs - those disguised as male and those disguised as female and they are allowed to have normal congress, biting, piercing, kissing, mango, swallowing etc.  The word Auparishakta or mouth congress is specifically for eunuchs to earn a livelihood and can also be practiced by unchaste and wanton women, female attendants, serving maids. Some Acharyas opine that this is the work of a dog and opposed to dharma. However Vatsyayana apears to be the most forward thinking of the lot of said that the Holy Writ does not affect those who serve as courtesans and the law prohibits the practice only with married women. Vastyayana also held that everyone can do what they want. 

Again they have some rules on who can engage in mouth congress - male servants on master, women on women etc.For such things courtesans abandon men of good qualities and become attached to low persons such as slaves or elephant drivers but never with a learned brahmin, a minister or a man of good reputation. 

There's an entire list of things to do on how to begin and end congress - sit, sing, talk, wash, eat betel, embrace, look at the moonlight and such stuff - chaps had a lot of leisure those days. Again there are types such as loving congress of subsequent love, artificial love, transferred love, deceitful congress, spontaneous love etc.  There's also something about love quarrels.

To acquire a wife, look for a woman of same caste, a virgin, in accordance with the Holy Writ (one who is no longer a maiden should ever be loved). Also avoid those whose nose is depressed, whose nostrils are turned up, who has crooked thighs, who is polluted or disfigured (many more such are listed).

To get the girl to love and marry any of these methods are good - disparage husband to be, befriend brother, give her intoxicating substance when asleep, kidnap her, kill the guards and carry her off. Simple, get her at any cost. Crazy!

Causes to remarry are also given - foul or ill temper of wife, dislike of wife, want of offspring, continual births of daughters, incontinence of husband (finally the husband makes an appearance)

There are some rules for the eldest wife and how she must conduct with other wives. Also rules for the women of a harem. To get wives of other men there are some conditions - can resort to it to save his own life - if one can prove that you are excused I guess.

One interesting thing was the ten degrees of how love progresses to death - and those who have suffered in love will identify with the stages  - Starts with love of the eye, attachment of the mind, constant reflection, destruction of sleep, emaciation of body,turning away from objects of enjoyment, removal of shame, madness, fainting and death. Fairly accurate!

Men who succeed with women are good storytellers, bring presents, talk well, know weak spots. Women who are easily gained over are - standing at the door, looking out, wife of ab actor, whose husband is inferior etc. There are some ways on how to be a go between between a man and a women he loves

Another interesting passage was about how a 'virtuous woman who has affection for her husband should act in conformity with his wishes as if he were a divine being...know arrangement of flowers, take care of family, gardens, avoid company of female beggars, female Buddhist mendicants, unchaste women, know what husband likes and dislikes...when going out do nothing against his will...any misconduct of his do not blame him...keep secrets, make ghee, pound rice...' Very practical men who wrote this.     

To gain over women they say the man must make conversation, seduce only one woman at a time etc. Then there are rules for knowing a woman's state of mind, for go betweens, for women of royal harem, for courtesans (includes getting money from lover, getting rid of him, reunion with former lovers). To attract others to yourself eat the powder of a blue lotus with ghee and honey! There are means of increasing sexual vigour, ways of exciting desire (recipes) ways of enlarging lingam,(oils and stuff like that) 

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It's a crazy read and one can well imagine who must have made these rules and how they were followed. But to make a science of it and categorise it and classify and educate, one must applaud the gentlemen involved, of whom Vatsyayana seems to be the most progressive. Surely, those who follow these rules must be benefiting from the above in the practice of the art of love. Unfortunately today we have no education of any sort in India and most education seems to be coming from the West in a most unscientific way!